Tamil Nadu Board Class 12th Syllabus: Important Topics and Exam Pattern

The Directorate of Government Examinations conducts the Tamil Nadu Board HSC examination. It was formed in 1975. Before this the DPI/DSE was the ex-officio for conducting the Government examination. The issuance of first school leaving certificate was in 1911. From then on wards the Directorate of Government Examination started conducting the exams.

After conducting the SSLC examination for the first time in 1911, the issuance of computerised certificates and mark sheets began in 1972. In 1980 the concept of Higher Secondary Examination with the formulation of Deputy Directorate of Government Examinations at Madhurai and Coimbatore. Like this there were seven regional offices at Tirunelveli, Chennai, Coimbatore, Tiruchirappalli, Madurai, Cuddalore, Vellore. 

Tamil Nadu Board Class 12^th Syllabus 

Any update in Tamil Nadu Board Class 12^th Syllabus is done by the Government of Tamil Nadu as since the State Board works under the government of Tamil Nadu. The candidates can download the syllabus by visiting the official website of the Tamil Nadu Board which is dge.tamilnadu.gov.in.   The details about the syllabus of Tamil Nadu Board Class 12^th are as follows-

Mathematics-

1. System of Equations- Methods of solutions, Systems of linear equations.
2. Application of Matrices- Isometry and similarity matrices, Matrices for transformations such as Shear, Stretch, Translation, Rotation, Reflection, Glide reflection, etc.
3. Vector Algebra- Applications to mechanics, Vectors and Scalars, Scalar and vector products, Applications to Geometry and also Parallel & Perpendicular vectors.
4. Complex Numbers- Complex Algebra, Applications 
5. Analytical Geometry- Conic, Parametric representation, Derivation of the standard equation: Rectangle Hyperbole, Ellipses, Parabola and Hyperbola.
6. Application of Differentiation- Mean Value Theorems, Maxima and minima, Partial derivatives, Curve tracing, Errors and Approximations, Derivative as a rate measurer.
7. Application of Integration- Integral, Application of Integral
8. Differential Equations- Formation of Differential Equations, I order: Variable, Homogeneous Equations, Exact Equations, Linear Equations, Linear Equations with constant coefficient, application.
9. Probability Distributions- Discrete distributions, Continuous distribution, Mathematical Expectations, Probability functions, Random variable.
10. Algebraic Structures- Group structures, Fields, Integral Domains, Rings.

Physics-

1. Current Electricity- Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohm’s law, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Superconductivity, Carbon resistors, Krichoff’s law, Wheatstone’s Bridge, Metrebridge, Potentiometer, Electric power, etc. 
2. Effect of Electric Current 
3. Electromagnetic Induction 
4. Alternating Current 
5. Electromagnetic waves 
6. Waves optics 
7. Atomic Physics 
8. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
9. Nuclear Physics 
10. Relativity 
11. Semiconductor devices 
12. Communication Systems

Chemistry-

Inorganic Chemistry- Atomic Structure -II, Periodic Table, p- block elements, d- block elements, f-block elements, Co-ordination compounds & bio co-ordination compounds, Nuclear Chemistry. 

Physical Chemistry- Solid State, Thermodynamics II, Chemical Equilibrium II, Chemical Kinetics II, Surface Chemistry, Electro Chemistry I, Electro Chemistry II.

Organic Chemistry- Isomerism in Organic Chemistry, Ethers, Hydroxy derivatives, Carbonyl Compounds, Carboxylic acid, Organic Nitrogen Compounds, Bio molecules, Chemistry in Action, Problems in Chemistry.

Botany-

1) Taxonomy of Angiosperms- a) Biosystematics

b) Binomial Nomenclature

c) Herbaria and their uses

Bentham & Hooker’s

Classification of Plants

Malvaceae,

Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Liliaceae, Arecaceae and their Economic Importance

2) Plant Anatomy, – Tissues and Tissue

Systems

Anatomy of Dicot and Monocot Roots

Anatomy of Dicot and Monocot Stems

Anatomy of Dicot and Monocot Leaves

Secondary growth in Dicot Stem

3) Cell Biology and Genetics,- Chromosomes : Structure and types

Genes and Genome

Linkage and Crossing over

Recombination of Chromosomes

Mutation

Chromosomal aberrations

DNA as Genetic material

Structure of DNA and its Replication

Structure and types of RNA, Role of

RNA in Protein Synthesis

Genetic Code, Transcription,

Translation

4) Bio Technology, – Recombinant DNA Technology

 Transgeneric plants and Microbes

Plant Tissue Culture and Applications

Protoplast Fusion

Single Cell Protein (SCP)

5) Plant Physiology- Enzymes : Classification, Properties, Mechanism and Action, Photosynthesis,

Respiration, Plant Growth, Photoperiodism & Vernalisation. 

6) Biology in Human Welfare- Food Production Breeding

Experiments Improved Varieties

Role of Bio- Fertilizers

Crop diseases and their control,

Biopesticides

Genetically Modified Food

Bio-War

Bio-Piracy

. Bio-Patent

Sustained

Agriculture

Medicinal Plants including

Microbes

Economic Importance

Zoology-

1. Human Physiology- Nutrition

Carbohydrates, 

Proteins

Lipids

 Vitamins

Minerals

 Water

Balanced diet

Calorie values (ICMR standards)

Obesity

 Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, Diabetes mellitus, Malnutrition

Enzymes and enzyme action.

Pyorrhoea

Dental caries – Root canal

therapy

Peptic ulcer

Hernia

Appendicitis

Gall bladder

stone

 Liver cirrhosis

Hepatitis, etc.

b) Receptor Organs, 

c) Excretion 

d) Reproductive System

e) Microbiology

f) Immunology

g) Modern Genetics 

h) Environmental Science 

I) Applied Biology 

j) Theories of Evolution 

k) Aquaculture

Accountancy

Depreciation- Understands the meaning, Identifies the reasons, Recognize the causes, Understands the various basic terms, Methods, Estimation, Profit or Loss, Transforms the journal entries into ledger accounts.

Final Accounts Adjustment- Regonizes the format, Recalls the importance, Identifying, Understanding the adjustments.

Interpretation of Financial Statements- Recalls the meaning, Recognises the meaning, Categories the various ratios, Understands the meaning of current ratio, Calculate three ratios, Applies formula. 

Cash Budget

Accounts from incomplete records 

Partnership Basic Concepts 

Partnership Admission 

Partnership Retirement 

Accounts of Joint Stock Companies 

Economics

Nature and Scope of Economics- 

Adam Smith’s Wealth, Alfred Marchalls’ Welfare,  Lionel Robbins’ Scarcity, Paul A. Samuelson’s General – Criticism of all

Divisions of Economics; i) Consumption

ii) Production

iii) Exchange

iv) Distribution

v) Public Finance Nature of economics

Micro economics, Scope of Micro Economics, a) Theory of Demand

b) Theory of production and cost Theory of Factor Pricing (Theory of Distribution)

a) Theory of rent

b) Theory of wages

 c) Theory of Interest

 d) Theory of Profit

Nature of Economic Laws

Basic concepts in economics

• Basic Economic Problems
• Consumer’s Behaviour 
• Law of Demand and Law of Supply Law of Demand
• Law of Supply 
• Equilibrium Price
• Production
• Cost and Revenue 
• Market Structure and Pricing 
• Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution
• Simple Theory of Income Determination
• Monetary Policy 
• Fiscal Policy 

Geography

Water Matters, Value and importance of water, Global water availability.

Problems of Water Scarcity and pollution, Wastewater treatment, Land and Water Pollution and Land Degradation 

Water Ethics and Management, Decreasing water quality, Water ethics, Increasing water demand.

Natural Hazards and Disasters, Hazards and Disasters prevention and mitigation.

Human Evolution and Civilisations, Human Potential, Identities and Crisis, Health and Family welfare.

Globalisation, Liberalisation, Global change Natural change, Greenhouse effect, Global warming, Informatisation, Individualisation. 

First, second and Third Worlds, The World in Distress, The divisions Economic development, Towards One World, Poverty-Hunger dilemma, Nuclear Dilemma, Terror Dilemma.

Sustainable development, First World and sustainable Development

Third world and sustainable development, Participatory management Management transfers. 

Information Management Data, Intranet and Extranet, Cyberspace management, Electronic mails and faxes. 

Geographical Information Systems, a spatial databases Relational database management systems (RDBMS) Vector Global Positioning System Spatial, Raster GIS Integrated GIS

Spatial Analysis, Density gradients, Fieldwork: Physical Environment, Fieldwork: human Environment.

History

India under East India Company’s Rule, Education under the Company’s

Rule, British rule in Tamil Nadu, The Revolt of 1857, End of Company’s Rule, Socio-religious reform in India in 19^th century, Changes in Indian administration after 1858, India’s Freedom Movement, India’s Freedom Movement (Gandhian period), Role of Tamil Nadu in India’s Freedom Movement, India after independence.

Renaissance, American war of independence, French Revolution, Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions, Colonialism, First World War, Imperialism, Russian Revolution, League of Nations. 

Rise of Fascism and Nazism, Second World War, Growth of Asian, UNO, Cold wars, NATO, SEATO and Warsaw Pact. Liberalisation, Globalisation, etc.

English

Grammar

Non- infinite verbs, Prepositions, Active and Passive, Tenses, Sentences, Conjunctions, Degree of Comparison, Subject Verb Agreement.

Poetry

A Father to his Son, All the World’s a Stage, Our Casuarina Tree, Ulysses

Prose

The Chair, Rule of the Road, In Celebration of Being Alive, Two Gentlemen of Verona

Supplementary

The Midnight Visitor, God Sees the Truth but Waits, The Midnight Visitor.

Commerce-

Principle of Management, Function of management, Management by exception, Management by objectives, Money Market, Capital Market, Financial Market, Securities, Stock Exchange, Recruitment Methods, HRM Fundamentals, Recent trends in marketing, Marketing and marketing MIX, Employee training method, Employee selection, Concept of market and marketer, Consumerism, Environmental factors, Rights , duties and responsibilities of consumers, Grievance redressal, Liberalization, globalization, privatization. 

Company Secretary, Companies ACT , 2013, Company management, Types of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial development, The sale of goods act , 1930, Elements of entrepreneurship, negotiable instruments act , 1881. 

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